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AGRICULTURE 


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UNIVERSITY    OF    ILLINOIS    LIBRARY    AT    URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 


L161— O-1096 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


BULLETIN  No.  294 


PRODUCTIVENESS  OF  CERTAIN 
VARIETIES  OF  CORN  IN  ILLINOIS 

BY  GEORGE  H.  DUNCAN  AND  W.  L.  BURLISON. 


URBANA,  ILLINOIS,  JUNE,  1927 


SUMMARY 

Different  varieties  of  corn  have  been  grown  in  comparative  trials 
on  the  experiment  field  at  DeKalb  in  DeKalb  county,  representing 
northern  Illinois,  at  Urbana  in  Champaign  county,  representing  central 
Illinois,  and  at  Alhambra  and  Fairfield  in  Madison  and  Wayne  coun- 
ties, representing  southern  Illinois. 

Of  the  varieties  tested  at  DeKalb,  Golden  King,  Western  Plow- 
man, Strout  Red,  Will  County  Favorite,  and  Hecker  Red  appear  to  be 
the  best  for  the  northern  part  of  Illinois. 

The  highest  yielding  varieties  at  Urbana,  in  central  Illinois,  were 
Illinois  Two-Ear,  Illinois  High  Yield,  Reid  Yellow  Dent,  Golden  King, 
Will  County  Favorite,  W'estern  Plowman,  and  Boone  County  White. 

The  chinch-bug  injury  to  corn  on  the  Alhambra  field,  in  south- 
western Illinois,  was  very  serious,  especially  during  the  years  1919  to 
1922.  Under  the  conditions  prevailing  on  this  field  Mohawk,  Black 
Hawk,  Champion  White  Pearl,  and  Democrat  have  given  the  best 
yields. 

At  Fairfield,  in  southeastern  Illinois,  where  chinch-bug  infestation 
Was  not  a  serious  handicap  during  the  test  period,  the  highest  yielding 
varieties  were  Perrine  White  Pearl,  Funk  90  Day,  Sutton  Favorite, 
Reid  Yellow  Dent,  Democrat,  and  Champion  White  Pearl. 


PRODUCTIVENESS  OF  CERTAIN 
VARIETIES  OF  CORN  IN  ILLINOIS 

By  GEORGE  H.  DUNCAN,  Assistant  Chief  in  Crop  Production,  and 
W.  L.  BURLISON,  Chief  in  Crop  Production 

The  value  of  the  corn  produced  in  Illinois  in  any  one  year  exceeds 
that  of  all  the  other  field  crops  combined.  Between  8  and  11  million 
acres  of  land  in  this  state  are  occupied  by  corn  every  year.  If  by  the 
growing  of  a  superior  producing  variety,  the  yield  of  corn  could  be  in- 
creased as  much  as  5  bushels  an  acre  on  this  area,  and  the  proper  eco- 
nomic adjustment  could  be  made  so  that  the  gain  in  efficiency  could  be 
realized,  this  increased  return  at  75  cents  a  bushel  would  equal  the 
value  of  half  the  oats  produced  in  Illinois  in  1924.  The  difference  in 
average  yield  between  the  poorest  and  the  best  producing  varieties  that 
have  been  grown  for  a  minimum  of  six  years  on  the  Urbana  field  is 
13.9  bushels  an  acre,  or  24.7  percent  based  on  the  yield  of  the  poorer 
variety.  This  wide  variation  in  performance  suggests  the  possibility  of 
increasing  the  returns  per  acre  by  the  growing  of  an  adapted  high- 
yielding  variety. 

The  varieties  chosen  for  use  in  these  experiments  were  either  well 
known  and  generally  grown  in  some  section  of  the  state,  or  were  new 
varieties  that  possessed  desirable  characteristics  and  promise  of  being 
adapted  to  some  part  of  Illinois.  The  seed  was  obtained  from  the  same 
source  or  from  the  same  strain  thruout  the  course  of  the  investigation, 
so  far  as  this  was  practicable. 

The  different  varieties  were  grown  side  by  side  on  soil  that  re- 
ceived enough  rock  phosphate,  limestone,  and  either  animal  manure  or 
crop  residues  to  keep  the  land  in  a  good  state  of  productivity.  For  the 
most  part,  an  area  1  rod  wide  and  16  rods  long,  accommodating  five 
rows  39.6  inches  apart  running  lengthwise  of  the  plot,  constituted  the 
individual  test  plot,  and  yield  data  wrere  obtained  from  the  three  center 
rows  of  this  group.  During  a  part  of  the  period  represented  by  these 
tests,  the  rows  on  the  Urbana  field  were  33  inches  apart  (six  rows  to 
a  rod)  with  three  rows  planted  to  each  variety.  Three  or  more  kernels 
were  planted  in  each  hill  and  after  the  plants  were  well  started  the 
plots  were  uniformly  thinned  to  two  stalks  to  a  hill. 

Field  weights  of  the  ear  corn  produced  on  each  plot  were  taken  at 
the  time  of  husking.  Immediately  after  weighing,  a  representative 
sample  of  10  pounds  or  more  was  taken  from  each  plot.  The  shelling 
percentage  and  moisture  content  of  the  corn  were  determined  on  the 
sample  and  applied  to  the  entire  quantity  of  corn  produced.  The  yields 
were  calculated  on  the  basis  of  50  pounds  of  water-free  shelled  corn  to 
a  bushel. 

571 


572  BULLETIN  Xo.  294  [June, 

The  experiment  fields  from  which  records  were  secured  are  located 
in  four  parts  of  the  state; namely,  (1)  atDeKalb  inDeKalb  county, rep- 
resenting northern  Illinois,  (2)  Urbana  in  Champaign  county,  repre- 
senting central  Illinois,  (3)  Fairfield  in  Wayne  county,  in  southeastern 
Illinois,  and  (4)  Alhambra  in  Madison  county,  representing  south- 
western Illinois. 

The  performance  record  of  varieties  grown  up  to  and  including  the 
season  of  1915  was  presented  in  Bulletin  191  of  this  Station.  Only 
those  varieties  that  were  grown  in  and  since  1916  are  included  in  this 
bulletin,  tho  in  calculating  the  average  yields  and  in  determining  the 
percentage  rating  of  the  different  varieties,  all  the  available  data  have 
been  used,  including  results  secured  prior  to  1916.  Varieties  tested  for 
less  than  three  years  are  omitted. 

In  order  to  have  a  uniform  standard  for  comparison,  one  gener- 
ally recognized,  consistently  high-producing  variety  has  been  selected 
and  given  a  rating  of  100  percent  in  productivity.  The  yields  of  the 
other  varieties  are  compared  to  the  average  of  the  standard  variety, 
considering  only  the  results  from  the  same  seasons  in  each  case. 

Odds  have  been  calculated1  for  the  purpose  of  indicating  whether 
the  difference  between  the  several  varieties  and  the  check  is  due  to 
actual  superiority  in  yielding  ability  or  whether  it  may  be  due  to  soil 
variation  or  to  some  other  of  the  many  possible  varying  factors.  When 
the  odds  are  only  4  to  1,  considerable  doubt  exists;  when  the  odds  rise 
to  30  to  1,  doubt  begins  to  disappear;  and  when  the  odds  are  as  high 
as  9,999  to  1  or  higher,  the  point  of  practical  certainty  is  reached.  The 
difference  in  average  yields  suggests,  then,  to  what  extent  a  given  va- 
riety may  be  superior  or  inferior  to  the  check,  and  the  odds  indicate 
the  degree  of  probability  that  this  superiority  or  inferiority  is  signifi- 
cant. 

RESULTS  OF  TESTS  IN  NORTHERN  ILLINOIS 
DEKALB  IN  DEKALB  COUNTY 

The  standard  variety  chosen  for  the  DeKalb  field  was  Western 
Plowman.  It  was  grown  thruout  the  period  of  these  tests  and  was  a 
consistently  high-yielding  variety.  Performance  records  of  the  19  va- 
rieties that  have  been  grown  on  this  field  since  1915  are  shown  in  Ta- 
bles 1  and  2. 

Hunt  White  Dent  has  been  grown  for  only  three  years,  but  it  has 
produced  more  corn  than  Western  Plowman  each  year,  yielding  an 
average  of  1.3  bushels  above  Western  Plowman  and  rating  102.8  per- 
cent. 

Golden  King  and  Lancaster  Sure  Crop  have  a  percentage  rating 
slightly  superior  to  that  of  Western  Plowman,  but  the  odds  that  these 

'Love's  modification  of  Student's  method  was  used  in  calculating  the  odds. 


PRODUCTIVENESS  OF  CERTAIN  VARIETIES  OF  CORN 


573 


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574 


BULLETIN  No.  294 


[June, 


varieties  are  really  better  than  the  standard  are  not  high  enough  to 
indicate  that  they  are  inherently  higher  yielding. 

A  number  of  good  producing  varieties  have  an  average  yield 
slightly  below  that  of  Western  Plowman.  These  are  Strout  Red,  Will 
County  Favorite,  Hecker  Red,  Reid  Yellow  Dent,  Learning  (northern 
grown) ,  and  White  Cap  Yellow  Dent.  The  differences  in  yields,  how- 
ever, have  not  been  regular  enough  during  the  period  over  which  the 
varieties  have  been  grown  for  the  odds  to  indicate  that  the  slightly 
lower  yielding  power  is  significant. 

Notwithstanding  the  favorable  rating  of  Reid  Yellow  Dent  and 
White  Cap  Yellow  Dent  in  regard  to  quantity  of  grain  produced,  these 


TABLE  2. — DEKALB  FIELD:  AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  CORN  COMPARED 
WITH  YIELDS  OF  WESTERN  PLOWMAN  IN  SAME  YEARS 

(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

Average 
yield 
of  variety 
named 

Average 
yield 
of  Western 
Plowman 

Difference 
above  or 
below  the 
standard 

Odds 

Number 
of  years 
grown 

Calendar 
years 
grown 

DeKalb  County  Yellow  Dent 
Funk  90  Day 

43.3 
53  5 

49.2 
57   1 

-5.9 
—  3  6 

7:1 
158:1 

5 
20 

1917-21 
1907-26 

Golden  Glow  (cold  resistant)  . 
Golden  King  

48.1 
51.5 

54.7 
50.6 

-6.6 
+   .9 

36:1 
3:1 

5 
12 

1922-26 
1915-26 

52  9 

54   1 

—  1  2 

2:1 

9 

1911-19 

Hunt  White  Dent  

48  4 

47.1 

+  1.3 

2:1 

3 

1924-26 

63  0 

62  9 

+     1 

1:1 

4 

1920-23 

Learning  (northern  grown)  .  .  . 
Murdock  Yellow  Dent  

59.6 
48  2 

62.6 
55  9 

-3.0 

-7.7 

9:1 
22:1 

12 

1914,16-26 
1914,23-26 

44  9 

53  4 

—8  5 

7:1 

3 

1922-24 

Reid  Yellow  Dent  

54   1 

56  2 

—2  1 

11:1 

17 

1908-13, 

Rjley  Favorite  

48  8 

52   1 

-3  3 

5:1 

8 

15-26 
1912-19 

Silvermine  (northern  grown)  . 
Strout  Red   

53.9 
51  9 

58.1 
52   1 

-4.2 
—     2 

34:1 
1:1 

10 
11 

1917-26 
1914-24 

Western  Plowman  

57  1 

57   1 

20 

1907-26 

White  Cap  Yellow  Dent  
Will  County  Favorite  

43.8 
51  0 

46.3 

51  7 

-2.5 

—     7 

8:1 
3:1 

4 

8 

1917-20 
1914-21 

Wisconsin  No.  7  

49  9 

58.4 

—8  5 

160:1 

12 

1910-14, 

16-22 

TABLE  3. — DEKALB  FIELD:  PERFORMANCE  OF  TEN  HIGHEST  PRODUCING  VARIE- 
TIES OF  CORN  GROWN  FOR  EIGHT  OR  MORE  YEARS 


Variety 

Number 
of  years 
grown 

Rating 

compared 
with  Western 
Plowman 

Comparative 
yield1 

Actual 
average 
yield 

Golden  King  

12 

perct. 
101  8 

bu. 
58  1 

bu. 
51  5 

Western  Plowman  

20 

100  0 

57  1 

57  1 

Strout  Red  

11 

99  6 

56  9 

51  9 

Will  County  Favorite.  .  . 

8 

98  6 

56  3 

51  0 

Hecker  Red  

9 

97  7 

55  8 

52  9 

Reid  Yellow  Dent  

17 

96  3 

55  0 

54   1 

Learning  (northern  grown)  .  .  . 

12 

95  2 

54  4 

59  6 

Funk  90  Day  

20 

93  7 

53  5 

53  5 

Silvermine  (northern  grown)  

10 

92  8 

53  0 

53  9 

Wisconsin  No.  7  

12 

85.5 

48.8 

49.9 

"The  data  on  comparative  yield  have  been  obtained  by  multiplying  the  percentage  rating  of 
each  variety  by  57.1,  which  is  the  average  yield  of  Western  Plowman  over  a  period  of  twenty- 
years.  This  method  of  calculation  is  based  upon  the  assumption  that  if  the  different  varieties  had 
been  grown  the  same  twenty  years  they  would  have  produced  the  same  percentage  yield,  com- 
pared with  Western  Plowman,  that  they  did  over  the  shorter  period. 


1927}  PRODUCTIVENESS  OF  CERTAIN  VARIETIES  OF  CORN  575 

varieties  have  failed  to  mature  before  frost  during  some  of  the  years 
they  have  been  grown  at  DeKalb.  Under  such  conditions  the  poor 
quality  of  corn  produced  by  them  is  a  very  strong  consideration 
against  their  use  in  northern  Illinois. 

The  varieties  that  have  been  definitely  inferior  to  Western  Plow- 
man, as  indicated  by  a  lower  production  as  well  as  by  significant  odds 
(30  to  1  or  higher) ,  are  Funk  90  Day,  Golden  Glow,  Silvermine  (north- 
ern grown) ,  and  Wisconsin  No.  7. 

In  Table  3  is  shown  in  summary  form  the  performance  of  the 
ten  highest  yielding  varieties  that  have  been  grown  for  eight  years  or 
more  at  DeKalb.  Golden  King  heads  the  list  for  comparative  yield, 
followed  very  closely  by  Western  Plowman.  Of  the  varieties  tested  it 
may  be  concluded  that  Golden  King,  Western  Plowman,  Strout  Red, 
Will  County  Favorite,  and  Hecker  Red  are  the  best  producing  varieties 
for  northern  Illinois. 


RESULTS  IN  CENTRAL  ILLINOIS 
URBANA  IN  CHAMPAIGN  COUNTY 

The  variety  used  as  standard  on  the  Urbana  field  is  Reid  Yellow 
Dent.  Among  the  varieties  grown  over  a  longer  period  than  eight 
years,  none  exceeds  Reid  Yellow  Dent  in  average  yield,  altho  Golden 
King  comes  very  close  to  it.  Within  the  past  eight  years,  however, 
Reid  Yellow  Dent  has  been  outyielded  by  four  varieties.  These  are 
Illinois  Two-Ear,  Illinois  High  Yield,  Illinois  Non-pedigree,  and  Funk 
176- A  (utility). 

Illinois  Two-Ear  is  a  yellow  corn  which  produces  two  ears  on  50 
to  80  percent  of  the  stalks.  It  was  developed  by  the  Plant  Breeding 
Division  of  this  Station  by  ear-row  breeding.  It  has  produced  an  aver- 
age of  5.9  bushels  an  acre  more  than  Reid  Yellow  Dent  during  the 
eight  years  it  has  been  grown,  with  odds  of  31  to  1  that  this  difference 
is  significant.  Because  of  its  high  yielding  power,  it  was  hoped  that 
this  corn  would  be  useful  as  a  silage  or  fodder  corn,  and  also  for  grain 
production  in  cases  where  a  machine  husker  could  be  used,  or  for  hog- 
ging down.  The  ears  are  smaller,  especially  in  diameter,  than  those 
produced  by  the  single-ear  varieties,  but  this  characteristic  may  be 
considered  in  its  favor  when  being  fed  to  cattle  in  the  ear.  However, 
Illinois  Two-Ear  possesses  the  objectionable  character  of  lodging  badly 
before  it  is  sufficiently  mature  for  silage.  This  greatly  increases  the  la- 
bor involved  in  harvesting,  whether  for  silage,  fodder,  or  grain,  and 
markedly  increases  the  percentage  of  ears  damaged  thru  their  coming 
in  contact  with  the  ground. 

Illinois  High  Yield  has  outyielded  Reid  Yellow  Dent  an  average 
of  4.7  bushels  an  acre  during  the  seven  years  it  has  been  grown,  with 
odds  of  39  to  1  that  this  difference  is  significant.  This  strain  was  pro- 


576 


BULLETIN  No.  294 


[June, 


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PRODUCTIVENESS  OF  CERTAIN  VARIETIES  OF  CORN 


577 


duced  by  the  Plant  Breeding  Division  by  the  method  of  the  ear-row 
breeding  plot,  as  described  in  Bulletin  271.  The  ears  of  this  corn  pos- 
sess to  a  very  marked  degree  the  desirable  characters  described  by  the 
Utility  Score  Card. 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  both  varieties  that  surpassed  the 
standard  are  the  product  of  selection  under  plant  breeding  methods. 

Illinois  Non-pedigree  and  Funk  176- A  (utility)  have  not  been 
grown  over  a  sufficiently  long  period  to  justify  concluding  from  these 
experiments  that  they  are  distinctly  superior  in  yielding  power  to  Reid 
Yellow  Dent. 

There  are  8  varieties  which,  even  tho  they  have  not  yielded  as 
high  as  Reid  Yellow  Dent,  have  yielded  within  5  percent  of  this  vari- 
ety. They  are  Golden  King,  Will  County  Favorite,  Western  Plowman, 
Boone  County  White,  Sutton  Favorite,  U.  S.  Selection  No.  77,  Funk 


TABLE  5. — URBANA  FIELD:  AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  CORN  COMPARED 
WITH  YIELDS  OF  REID  YELLOW  DENT  IN  THE  SAME  YEARS 


Variety 

Average 
yield  of 
variety 
named 

Average 
yield  of 
Reid  Yel- 
low Dent 

Difference 
above  (  +) 
or  below 
(-)  the 
standard 

Odds 

Number 
of  years 
grown 

Calendar 
years 
grown 

Boone  County  White  

63  2 

65.1 

-   1.9 

19:1 

26 

1901-26 

Champion  White  Pearl  

58.8 

64.9 

-  6.1 

4999:1 

23 

1901,05-26 

60  9 

75.6 

-14.7 

78:1 

4 

1918-21 

DeKalb  County  Yellow  Dent. 
Democrat  

53.8 
69.5 

73.4 
76.4 

-19.6 
-  6.9 

66:1 
28:1 

3 
4 

1917-19 
1919-22 

Drouth  Proof  

66.4 

71.0 

-  4.6 

10:1 

6 

1916,  17 

Funk  176A  (utility)    

65.5 

64.9 

+      .6 

1:1 

3 

19-22 
1923-25 

Funk  90  Day  

61.5 

64.5 

-  3.0 

47:1 

15 

1902,     03, 

69  0 

69.3 

-     .3 

2:1 

11 

10,  11.  16, 
25,26 
1916-26 

Hecker  Red  

52.1 

60.1 

-  8.0 

2:1 

6 

1911, 

Illinois  High  Ear  

46.6 

65.1 

-18.5 

>  9999:1 

16 

16-20 
1906-21 

55.0 

65.1 

-10.1 

>  9999:1 

16 

1906-21 

Illinois  High  Oil  

49.3 

62.2 

-12.9 

>  9999:1 

16 

1903-18 

50  1 

62.2 

—  12.1 

>  9999:1 

16 

1903-18 

44.2 

62.2 

-18.0 

>  9999:1 

16 

1903-18 

55  8 

62  2 

-  6.4 

>  3332:1 

16 

1903-18 

Illinois  High  Yield  

76.7 

72.0 

+  4.7 

39:1 

7 

1919-22, 

Illinois  Low  Yield  

63.3 

76.4 

-13.1 

28:1 

4 

24-26 
1919-22 

68.2 

66.1 

+  2.1 

3:1 

4 

1923-2(1 

Illinois  Two-Ear  

77.2 

71.3 

+  5.9 

31:1 

8 

1919-26 

68  7 

74.9 

-  6.2 

32:1 

4 

1920-23 

61.7 

64.9 

-  3.2 

199:1 

23 

1901-23 

54   1 

63.8 

-  9.7 

8:1 

3 

1916-18 

Reid  Yellow  Dent 

65  1 

65  1 

26 

1901-26 

St.  Charles  White  

58.8 

67.0 

-  8.2 

1249:1 

7 

1901,  16- 

Silvermine  

61.8 

65.1 

-  3.3 

113:1 

26 

21,  22 
1901-26 

Strout  Red  

63.6 

69.1 

-  5.5 

212:1 

9 

1916-24 

63.6 

65.9 

-  2.3 

2:1 

4 

1916-19 

U.S.  Selection  No.  77  

63.5 

66.2 

-  2.7 

3:1 

3 

1924-26 

62  6 

64.3 

-    1.7 

5:1 

10 

1910,  11. 

White  Cap  Yellow  Dent  
Will  County  Favorite  

66.5 
62.4 

75.6 
63.2 

-  9.1 
-      .8 

29:1 
2:1 

6 
9 

16-23 
1917-22 
1910,11. 

Wisconsin  No.  7  

56.1 

64.7 

-  8.6 

59:1 

3 

16-21,23 
1907,11, 

Wyatt  Boone  County  White.. 

54.5 

66.2 

-11.7 

40:1 

3 

17-20 
1924-26 

578 


BULLETIN  No.  294 


[June, 


90  Day,  and  Learning.  The  only  varieties  of  this  group  for  which  the 
odds  indicate  a  significantly  lower  yielding  power  than  Reid  Yellow 
Dent  are  Funk  90  Day  and  Learning. 

The  varieties  which  were  developed  by  selection  for  abnormal 
characters;  that  is,  for  high  oil,  low  oil,  high  protein,  low  protein,  high 
ears  and  low  ears,  were  distinctly  lower  yielding  than  the  standard 
Reid  Yellow  Dent. 

The  performance  of  the  ten  highest  yielding  varieties  that  have 
been  grown  at  Urbana  for  a  period  of  seven  years  or  longer  is  sum- 
marized in  Table  6. 


TABLE  6. — URBANA  FIELD:   PERFORMANCE  OF  TEN  HIGHEST  PRODUCING  VARIE- 
TIES OF  CORN  GROWN  FOR  SEVEN  OR  MORE  YEARS 


Variety 

Number  of 
years 
grown 

Rating 
compared 
with    Reid 
Yellow 
Dent 

Compara- 
tive 
yield1 

Actual 
average 
yield 

8 

perct. 
108  3 

bu. 
70  5 

bu. 
77  2 

Illinois  High  Yield  

7 

106  5 

69  3 

76  7 

Reid  Yellow  Dent  

26 

100.0 

65.1 

65.1 

11 

99  6 

64  8 

69  0 

Will  County  Favorite  

9 

98  7 

64.3 

62  4 

10 

97  3 

63  4 

62  6 

26 

97   1 

63  2 

63  2 

Funk  90  Day                

15 

95  3 

62  0 

61.5 

23 

95  0 

61.8 

61.7 

Silvermine  

26 

94.9 

61.8 

61.8 

'The  data  on  comparative  yield  have  been  obtained  by  multiplying  the  percentage  rating  of  each 
variety  by  65.1,  which  is  the  average  yield  of  Reid  Yellow  Dent  over  a  period  of  twenty-six  years. 

c) 

According  to  these  tests  at  Urbana  any  list  of  varieties  recom- 
mended as  high  producing  for  the  central  part  of  Illinois  should  in- 
clude Illinois  Two-Ear,  Illinois  High  Yield,  Reid  Yellow  Dent,  Golden 
King,  Will  County  Favorite,  Western  Plowman,  and  Boone  County 
White. 

RESULTS  IN  SOUTHERN  ILLINOIS 

ALHAMBRA  IN  MADISON  COUNTY 

Corn  variety  tests  have  been  conducted  on  the  Alhambra  field 
since  1919.  Because  of  the  frequent  and  serious  infestations  of  chinch 
bugs  in  southern  Illinois  and  the  inability  of  the  soil  to  carry  a  supply 
of  moisture  over  the  dry  period  of  the  year,  only  varieties  that  possess 
more  than  average  vigor  are  able  to  make  a  good  showing  in  this 
part  of  the  state.  A  number  of  so-called  chinch-bug  resistant  varieties 
of  corn  have  come  to  the  front  within  the  last  few  years.  These  are 
characterized,  for  the  most  part,  by  a  vigorous  development  during 
the  vegetative  stage.  Their  root  system  is  extensive  and  strong.  Cham- 
pion White  Pearl,  which  is  used  as  the  standard  variety  in  these  tests, 
is  one  of  the  prominent  varieties  in  this  group. 


PRODUCTIVENESS  OF  CERTAIN  VARIETIES  OF  CORN 


579 


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580 


BULLETIN  No.  294 


[June, 


TABLE  8. — ALHAMBRA  FIELD :  AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  CORN  COMPARED 
WITH  YIELDS  OF  CHAMPION  WHITE  PEARL  IN  SAME  YEARS 

(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

Average 
yield  of 
variety 
named 

Average 
yield  of 
Champion 
White 
Pearl 

Difference 
above    (  +) 
or  below 
(-)  the 
standard 

Odds 

Number  of 
years 
grown 

Calendar 
years 
grown 

Black  Hawk              

37  4 

37.3 

+     .1 

1:1 

5 

1922-26 

Boone  County  White  

7.8 

16.7 

-  8.9 

10:1 

3 

1919-21 

Champion  White  Pearl  

29.6 
20  0 

29.6 
20.8 

—     .8 

2:1 

8 
4 

1919-26 
1919-22 

Drouth  Proof  

8.7 

16.7 

-  8.0 

16:1 

3 

1919-21 

Funk  90  Day                

12  9 

20  8 

—  7.9 

62:1 

4 

1919-22 

Golden  Beauty  

33  8 

38.3 

-  4.5 

9:1 

4 

1923-26 

Golden  Glint  

42.9 

43.9 

—   1.0 

1:1 

3 

1924-26 

39  0 

37  2 

+   1.8 

2:1 

5 

1922-26 

Reid  Yellow  Dent  

22.3 

29.6 

—  7.3 

77:1 

8 

1919-25 

Reid  Yellow  Dent  (disease- 
free)  

23  6 

29.4 

-  5.8 

3:1 

3 

1922-25 

St.  Charles  White  

8.4 

16.7 

-  8.3 

11:1 

3 

1919-21 

15  7 

23.3 

-  7.6 

55:1 

5 

1919-22,  26 

Strout  Red  

10.4 

20.9 

-10.5 

43:1 

5 

1919-23 

11  4 

20  9 

-  9  5 

60:1 

5 

1919-23 

White  Cap  Yellow  Dent..  .  . 
Will  County  Favorite  

8.0 
12.6 

16.7 
16.7 

-  8.7 
—  4.1 

16:1 
3:1 

3 
3 

1919-21 
1919-21 

Wvatt  Boone  County 
White  

36.7 

43.9 

-  7.2 

14:1 

3 

1924-26 

The  annual  yields  at  Alhambra  are  shown  in  Table  7,  where  the 
different  varieties  are  recorded  in  the  order  of  their  percentage  rating 
when  compared  with  Champion  White  Pearl.  Table  8  shows  the  aver- 
age yield  of  each  variety  compared  with  that  of  Champion  White 
Pearl  for  the  same  years. 

Of  the  varieties  grown  for  a  minimum  of  three  years,  Mohawk 
and  Black  Hawk  are  the  only  ones  that  have  produced  an  average 
yield  above  that  of  Champion  White  Pearl.  Mohawk  yielded  more 
corn  that  Champion  White  Pearl  during  four  of  the  five  years  it  was 
grown.  Its  average,  however,  is  only  1.8  bushels  above  that  of  the 
standard  and  the  odds  are  only  2  to  1  that  this  difference  is  significant. 
Two  of  the  varieties  that  produced  less  than  Champion  White  Pearl 
ranked  within  5  percent  of  it.  These  are  Golden  Glint  and  Democrat. 
The  odds  indicate  that  there  is  not  a  significant  difference  between 
any  of  these  varieties  and  Champion  White  Pearl. 

TABLE  9. — ALHAMBRA  FIELD:  PERFORMANCE  OF  THE  FIVE  HIGHEST  PRODUCING 
VARIETIES  OF  CORN  GROWN  FOR  FOUR  OR  MORE  YEARS 


Variety 

Number 
of  years 
grown 

Rating 
compared 
with 
Champion 
White  Pearl 

Comparative 
yield1 

Actual 
average 
yield 

Mohawk  

5 

perct. 
104  8 

bu. 
31  0 

bu. 
39  0 

Black  Hawk  

5 

100  3 

29  7 

37  4 

Champion  White  Pearl  

8 

100  0 

29  6 

29  6 

Democrat  

8 

96  2 

28  5 

20  8 

Golden  Beauty  

4 

88.3 

26.1 

33.8 

'The  data  on  comparative  yield  have  been  obtained  by  multiplying  the  percentage  rating  of  each 
variety  by  29.6,  which  is  the  average  yield  of  Champion  White  Pearl  over  a  period  of  eight  years. 


1937] 


PRODUCTIVENESS  OF  CERTAIN  VARIETIES  OF  CORN 


581 


The  varieties  that  made  the  poorest  record  at  Alhambra  are  Boone 
County  White,  White  Cap  Yellow  Dent,  Strout  Red,  Drouth  Proof, 
St.  Charles  White,  Western  Plowman,  Funk  90  Day,  and  Silver-mine. 

The  performance  of  the  five  highest  producing  varieties  that  were 
grown  for  a  minimum  of  four  years  at  Alhambra  is  shown  in  Table 
9.  Four  of  these  varieties  apparently  possess  superior  yielding  ability. 
These  are  Mohawk,  Black  Hawk,  Champion  White  Pearl,  and  Demo- 
crat. The  variety  known  as  Democrat  is  practically  the  same  as,  if 
not  identical  with,  Champion  White  Pearl. 

FAIRFIELD  IN  WAYNE  COUNTY 

The  experiments  at  Fairfield  were  discontinued  with  the  harvest- 
ing of  the  1923  crop.  The  injury  from  chinch  bugs  on  this  field  was 
not  nearly  so  serious  during  the  years  1919  to  1922  as  on  the  Alhambra 
field.  For  this  reason  a  number  of  varieties  that  gave  low  yields  at 
Alhambra  because  of  their  susceptibility  to  chinch-bug  attack  appear 
among  the  best  producing  on  this  field. 

The  yields  of  all  the  varieties  grown  on  this  field  are  reported  in 
Tables  10  and  11,  and  the  performance  of  the  nine  highest  producing 
varieties  is  shown  in  Table  12. 


TABLE  10.— FAIRFIELD  FIELD:    AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  CORN  COM- 
PARED WITH  YIELDS  OF  CHAMPION  WHITE  PEARL  IN  SAME  YEARS 

(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

Average 
yield  of 
variety 
named 

Average 
yield  of 
Champion 
White 
Pearl 

Difference 
above  (+) 
or  below 

standard 

Odds 

Number 
of  years 
grown 

Calendar 
years 
grown 

Boone  County  White  
Champion  White  Peail  .  .  . 
Conner  Prolific  

31.9 
33.0 
24.2 

33.7 
33.0 
29.9 

-  1.8 
-  5.7 

17:1 
i9:l 

13 

16 
6 

1907-8,  10-21 
1907-23 
1916-21 

Democrat  

34  2 

33  7 

+     .5 

2:1 

4 

1919-22 

Drouth  Proof  
Funk  90  Day 

31.3 
35  0 

32.6 
33   1 

-  1.3 

-f  1  9 

2:1 

4:1 

5 
15 

1916-17,   19-21 
1907-21,  23 

Perrine  White  Pearl  
Reid  Yellow  Dent  

34.8 
33.5 

32.2 
33.0 

+  2.6 
+     .5 

11:1 
2:1 

10 
16 

1907-13,  16-18 
1907-23 

Strout  Red  

28  6 

32.3 

—  3.7 

7:1 

7 

1915-21 

St.  Charles  White  

26.9 

29.9 

-  3.0 

6:1 

6 

1916-21 

32  2 

30  9 

+   1.3 

4:1 

5 

1915-19 

White  Cap  Yellow  Dent. 
Western  Plowman  

29.4 
30.5 

29.9 
32.3 

-      .5 
-   1.8 

1:1 
3:1 

6 

7 

1916-21 
1915-21 

Will  County  Favorite..  .  . 

30.7 

32.3 

-   1.6 

2:1 

7 

1915-21 

Perrine  White  Pearl,  Funk  90  Day,  Sutton  Favorite,  Reid  Yellow 
Dent,  and  Democrat  all  rank  above  Champion  White  Pearl  in  average 
yield.  The  odds  that  any  of  these  is  better  than  Champion  White 
Pearl  are,  however,  in  no  case  high  enough  to  warrant  placing  a  large 
amount  of  confidence  in  their  superior  yielding  ability.  White  Cap 
Yellow  Dent,  Drouth  Proof,  and  Will  County  Favorite  have  all  made 
good  records.  Altho  they  have  produced  less  than  Champion  White 
Pearl,  they  are  within  5  percent  of  this  variety  in  yielding  ability. 


582 


BULLETIN  No.  294 


[June, 


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PRODUCTIVENESS  OF  CERTAIN  VARIETIES  OF  CORN 


583 


TABLE  12. — FAIRFIELD  FIELD :  PERFORMANCE  OF  THE  NINE  HIGHEST  PRODUCING 
VARIETIES  OF  CORN  GROWN  FOR  FOUR  OR  MORE  YEARS 


Variety 

Number 
of 

years 

Rating 
compared 
with 
Champion 
White  Pearl 

Comparative 
yield1 

Actual 
average 
yield 

Perrine  White  Pearl  

10 

perct. 
108 

bu. 
35  6 

bu. 
34  8 

Funk  90  Day  

6 

105  9 

34  9 

35  0 

Sutton  Favorite  

4 

104.4 

34.5 

32  2 

Reid  Yellow  Dent  

16 

101  6 

33  5 

33  5 

Democrat  

4 

101  5 

33  5 

34  2 

Champion  White  Pearl  

16 

100.0 

33.0 

33.0 

White  Cap  Yellow  Dent  

6 

98  4 

32  5 

29  4 

Drouth  Proof  

96   1 

31.7 

31  3 

Will  County  Favorite  

7 

95.0 

31.4 

30.7 

'The  data  on  comparative  yield  have  been  obtained  by  multiplying  the  percentage  rating  of  each 
variety  by  33,  which  is  the  average  yield  of  Champion  White  Pearl  over  a  period  of  sixteen  years. 


PRACTICAL  VALUE  OF  VARIETY  TESTS 

Even  tho  the  superiority  of  one  variety  of  corn  over  another  often 
stands  out  prominently  when  the  two  are  grown  in  comparative  tests, 
still  the  problem  of  determining  a  high-yielding  corn  is  not  so  simple 
as  one  would  at  first  suppose.  Corn  is  a  cross-fertilized  plant,  and  a 
variety  may  become  mixed  unless  special  care  is  exercised  in  isolating 
from  other  varieties  the  crop  from  which  seed  is  to  be  selected.  When 
the  corn  with  which  a  variety  becomes  mixed  has  a  different  color  of 
grain,  the  mixture  is  easily  detected.  When  the  two  have  the  same 
color,  considerable  crossing  may  occur  and  many  growers  be  none  the 
wiser.  Furthermore  farmers  in  different  vicinities  may  have  varying 
conceptions  of  the  type  toward  which  a  given  variety  of  corn  should  be 
selected.  Thus  in  the  course  of  years  a  kind  of  corn  bearing  a  certain 
name,  but  which  has  been  selected  and  grown  by  different  farmers, 
may  become  as  different  in  type  and  yielding  ability  as  two  wholly 
different  varieties. 

It  has  been  shown  by  investigations  reported  in  Bulletin  255  of 
this  Station,  as  well  as  by  work  of  other  experiment  stations,  that 
there  exists  within  a  given  lot  of  a  single  variety  of  corn  certain  types 
that  are  higher  yielding  than  others.  This  difference  in  yielding  ability 
between  strains  within  a  variety  is  often  greater  than  the  difference 
between  two  varieties.  Because  of  these  considerations  it  is  recognized 
that  variety  tests  of  corn  cannot  be  taken  as  a  complete  index  of  the 
performance  of  all  the  strains  of  any  given  variety.  Nevertheless  it 
is  believed  that  the  results  of  such  investigations  have  a  great  practical 
value  in  indicating  varieties  that  have  a  definitely  superior  yielding 
ability. 


AUTHOR  INDEX 


585 


AUTHOR  INDEX 


PAGE 

Bauer,  F.  C.  Crop  Yields  from 
Illinois  Soil  Experiment  Fields 
in  1925 157-74 

Burlison,  W.  L.,  and  Dungan, 
George  H.  Productiveness  of 
Certain  Varieties  of  Corn  in 
Illinois 569-83 

Card,  L.  E.,  Mitchell,  H.  H.,  and 
Carman,  G.  G.  The  Toxicity 
of  Salt  for  Chickens 133-56 

Card,  L.  E.,  Mitchell,  H.  H.,  and 
Hamilton,  T.  S.  The  Growth 
of  White  Plymouth  Rock 
Chickens 69-132 

Carman,  G.  G.,  Mitchell,  H.  H., 
and  Card,  L.  E.  The  Toxicity 
of  Salt  for  Chickens 133-56 

Crawford,  C.  W.,  and  Edmonds, 
J.  L.  Soybean  Hay  and 
Sweet-Clover  Pasture  for 
Growing  Purebred  Draft 
Fillies 485-500 

Dorner,  H.  B.,  and  Weinard,  F. 
F.  Rosa  odorata  as  a  Graft- 
ing Stock  for  Indoor  Roses.453-63 

Dungan,  George  H.  The  Influence 
of  Plant  Injury  and  the  Boot 
Rot  diseases  upon  the  Phys- 
ical and  Chemical  Composi- 
tion of  Corn  Grain 253-81 

Dungan,  George  H.,  and  Burli- 
son, W.  L.  Productiveness  of 
Certain  Varieties  of  Corn  in 
Illinois 569-83 

Edmonds,  J.  L.,  and  Crawford, 
C.  W.  Soybean  Hay  and 
Sweet-Clover  Pasture  for 
Growing  Purebred  Draft 
Fillies 485-500 

Elliot,  F.  F.  Adjusting  Hog  Pro- 
duction to  Market  Demand.501-67 

Gaines,    W.    L.      Persistency    of 

Lactation  in  Dairy  Cows. 353-^124 

Hamilton,  T.  S.,  Mitchell,  H.  H., 
and  Card,  L.  E.  The  Growth 
of  White  Plymouth  Rock 
Chickens 69-132 

Hamilton,  T.  S.,  Mitchell,  H.  H., 
and  Kammlade,  W.  G.  A 
Technical  Study  of  the  Main- 
tenance and  Fattening  of 


PAGE 

Sheep   and   Their  Utilization 
of  Alfalfa  Hay 221-52 

Hamilton,  T.  S.,  and  Rusk,  H.  P. 
A  Technical  Study  of  the 
Digestibility  of  Corn  Stover 
Silage  for  Beef  Cows 465-84 

Kammlade,  W.  G.,  Mitchell,  H. 
H.,  and  Hamilton,  T.  S.  A 
Technical  Study  of  the  Main- 
tenance and  Fattening  of 
Sheep  and  Their  Utilization 
of  Alfalfa  Hay 221-52 

Laible,  R.  J.,  Rice,  J.  B.,  and 
Mitchell,  H.  H.  A  Compari- 
son of  White  and  Yellow 
Corn  for  Growing  and  Fat- 
tening Swine  and  for  Brood 
Sows 177-204 

Lloyd,  J.  W.  Fertilizer  Experi- 
ments with  Greenhouse  Let- 
tuce and  Tomatoes 309-36 

Mitchell,  H.  H.,  Card,  L.  E.,  and 
Carman,  G.  G.  The  Toxicity 
of  Salt  for  Chickens 133-56 

Mitchell,  H.  H.,  Card,  L.  E.,  and 
Hamilton,  T.  S.  The  Growth 
of  White  Plymouth  Rock 
Chickens 69-132 

Mitchell,  H.  H.,  Kammlade,  W. 
G.,  and  Hamilton,  T.  S.  A 
Technical  Study  of  the  Main- 
tenance and  Fattening  of 
Sheep  and  Their  Utilization 
of  Alfalfa  Hay 221-52 

Mitchell,  H.  H.,  Rice,  J.  B.,  and 
Laible,  R.  J.  A  comparison 
of  White  and  Yellow  Corn 
for  Growing  and  Fattening 
Swine  and  for  Brood  Sows . . 
177-204 

Nevens,  W.  B.  Experiments  in 
the  Self-Feeding  of  Dairy 
Cows 425-52 

Overmann,  O.  R.,  and  Sanmann, 
F.  P.  The  Energy  Value  of 
Milk  as  Related  to  Composi- 
tion   205-18 

Rauchenstein,  Emil,  and  Ross,  R. 
C.  Cost  of  Producing  Field 
Crops  in  Three  Areas  of  Illi- 
nois, 1913-1922 37-67 


586 


PACK 

Rice,  J.  B.,  Mitchell,  H.  H.,  and 
Laible,  R.  J.  A  comparison 
of  White  and  Yellow  Corn  for 
Growing  and  Fattening  Swine 
and  for  Brood  Sows 177-204 

Richmond,  Thomas  E.,  and  Whit- 
ing, Albert  L.  Experiments 
in  Handling  Sweet  Clover.285-307 

Ross,  R.  C.,  and  Rauchenstein, 
Emil.  Cost  .of  Producing 
Field  Crops  in  Three  Areas 
of  Illinois,  1913-1922 37-67 

Rusk,  H.  P.,  and  Hamilton,  T.  S. 
A  Technical  Study  of  the  Di- 
gestibility of  Corn  Stover 
Silage  for  Beef  Cows 465-84 


PAGE 

Sanmann,  F.  P.,  and  Overmann, 
O.  R.  The  Energy  Value  of 
Milk  as  Related  to  Composi- 
tion   205-18 

Stark,  Robert  W.  Productiveness 
of  Varieties  of  Winter  Wheat 
in  Illinois 1-35 

Stark,  Robert  W.  Spring  Wheat 

Production  in  Illinois 337-51 

Weinard,  F.  F.,  and  Dorner,  H. 
B.  Rosa  odorata  as  a  Graft- 
ing Stock  for  Indoor  Roses . . 
453-63 

Whiting,  Albert  L.,  and  Rich- 
mond, Thomas  E.  Experi- 
ments in  Handling  Sweet 
Clover 285-307 


INDEX 


587 


INDEX 


(The  headings  in  capitals  are  subjects  of  entire  bulletins) 


PAGE 

Aledo  experiment  field  yields. . . .  160 
Alfalfa,  cost  of  production.  ..  .45-47 
Alfalfa  hay,  utilization  of  by 

sheep 221-52 

As  compared  with  utilization  by 

steers 247-48 

Alfalfa   meal    as    supplement    to 

white-corn  ration 200-201,  204 

Alhambra  experiment  field  tests .  . 

23-24,  25,  578-81 

BEEF   COWS,   STUDY  OF  DI- 
GESTIBILITY   OF    CORN 

STOVER  SILAGE  FOR 465-84 

Detailed  data 482-84 

Digestibility  of  silage 

471-73,474-76 

Literature  cited 482 

Metabolizable  energy  of  silage 

479-81 

Object  and  plan  of  experiments 

467-69 

Summary 466-81 

Utilization  of  corn  roughages 
by  sheep  as  compared  with 

cattle 473-79 

Value  of  stover  silage  as  com- 
pared with  stover  and  whole- 
corn  silage  . . .' 478,  479 

Carlinville  experiment  field  yields  160 
Carthage  experiment  field  yields.   161 
CHICKENS,    GROWTH    OF 
WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS 

69-132 

Chemical  composition  of 

98,  99,  100-14,  130-32 

Description  of  experiment ....  73-74 

Literature  cited 128 

Purpose  of  study 71-73 

Rate  of  retention  of  nutrients 

114-24,  127-2S 

Relative    growth    of    cockerels, 

capons,  and  pullets 77-80 

Skin  area  at  different  ages . . .  80-86 
Summary  and  conclusions. .  .124-28 
Weight  of  carcass  and  viscera 

87-100,  125-26,  129 

CHICKENS,      TOXICITY      OF 
SALT  FOR  ..  ..133-56 


PACK 
Conclusions  and  summary.  134,  156 

Effect  of  salt  on  growth 

138-48,  150-52 

Minimum  lethal  dose  of  salt . . . 

148-49,  153-56 

Plan  of  experiment.  . : 136-37 

Previous  experiments   135-36 

Symptoms     of    poisoning     and 

pathological  findings.  ..  .135,  149 
Clayton  experiment  field  yields . .  161 
Clover,  cost  of  production.43-50,  61-64 

See  also  Sweet  Clover 
Cod-liver    oil    as    supplement    to 

white-corn  ration 201-203,  204 

Corn,  chinch-bug  resistant  varie- 
ties of  578-81 

Comparison  of  Silver  Mine  and 
White    Democrat    for    swine 

feeding 200-201 

CORN,  COMPARISON  OF 
WHITE  AND  YELLOW  FOR 
GROWING  AND  FATTEN- 
ING SWINE  AND  FOR 

BROOD  SOWS 177-204 

See  Swine 

Corn,  cost  of  production 

44-50,  55-57,  66 

Diseases  of,  effect  on  grain,  see 

Corn  Grain 

CORN,  PRODUCTIVENESS  OF 
CERTAIN  VARIETIES  OF 

IN  ILLINOIS 569-83 

Plan  of  tests 571-72 

Practical  value  of  tests 583 

Summary 570 

Variety    tests    in    central    Illi- 
nois   575-78 

in  northern  Illinois 572-75 

in  southern  Illinois 578—83 

Corn,  starchiness  in 276-78 

substitution  of  term  "floury".   278 
CORN  GRAIN,  INFLUENCE  OF 
PLANT  INJURY  AND  THE 
ROOT  ROT  DISEASES  UPON 
THE  PHYSICAL  AND  CHEM- 
ICAL COMPOSITION  OF.  .253-81 
Chemical     changes     in     during 
germination 269-76 


588 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Conclusions 278-79 

Effect  of  broken  stalk  and  ear 

shanks 261-66 

of     root     rot     infection     on 
specific  gravity  of  grain  266-68 
on  chemical  composition  of 

268,  269-76 

on  water-absorbing  capac- 
ity of 267,  268-69 

Introduction 255-56 

Materials  and  methods 258-61 

Review  of  literature .  256-5S,  280-81 

Corn-hog  ratio 515-23,  529-32 

Corn  roughages,  utilization  of  by 

sheep  and  cattle 473-79 

Corn    stover,    as    compared    with 

corn-stover  silage 478,  479 

Corn    stover    silage,    digestibility 

of 471-73 

Metabolizable  energy  of.... 479-81 
See  also  Beef  cows 
COST  OF  PRODUCING  FIELD 
CROPS    IN    THREE    AREAS 
OF  ILLINOIS,  1913-1922... 37-67 
Application  of  results  of  study.     67 
Crop  costs  in  Champaign  and 

Piatt  counties 48,  50 

in     Franklin     and     Hancock 

counties 43-50 

Crop    rotations    found    profita- 
ble   51-54 

Plan  of  study 39-43 

Summary  of  costs  by  periods .  54-64 
Variation  in  costs  under  differ- 
ent managements 64-67 

Cover  crops,  conservation  of  nitro- 
gen by  300-301 

Cows,  see  Beef  and  Dairy  cows 

Crop  rotations,  profitable 51-54 

CROP    YIELDS    FROM    ILLI- 
NOIS   SOIL    EXPERIMENT 

FIELDS  IN  1925 157-74 

Crops,  cost  of  producing,  see  Cost 

DAIRY  COWS,  EXPERIMENTS 

IN  THE  SELF-FEEDING  OF 

425-52 

Conclusions 451-52 

Digestibility  of  self -fed  rations 

vs.  hand-fed   450-51 

Economy  of  self -feeding 

430,  431,  432-40 

Effect  on  health  and  reproduc- 

tivity 449-50 

on  milk  production 446-49 

Literature  cited 452 

Plan  of  experiment.  . .  .428-29,  431 
Proportion  of  various  nutrients 

selected 440-41 

Purpose  of  experiment 427-28 


Summary 426 

Variability  in  feed  preferences 

441^5,  446,  447,  448,  449 

DAIRY  COWS,  PERSISTENCY 

OF  LACTATION  IN 353-424 

Breed  lactation  curves 411-14 

Chemical  interpretation  of  lac- 
tation curve   409-11 

Correction  factors  for  length  of 

record 414-15 

Introduction 355-56 

Literature  cited 424 

Measures  of  persistency 414 

Method  used 357-67 

Persistency  as  heritable  charac- 
ter   415-10 

Problem  studied 356-57 

Results  from  records 

age  and  initial  rate  of  yield 

:../.369,  398 

age  and  persistency 368-69 

age  and  yield ." 370,  371 

correction  factors 373-76,  402 

increasing   yield    with   lacta- 
tion .  .   . ! 381-82 

influence  of  heredity  and  en- 
vironment   392-97,  405-408 

of  season 376-77 

persistency,  initial  rate,  age, 

and  yield 371-73,  398-402 

rate  of  yield  and  yield  for 

year 382-92,  403-405 

variability  in  initial  rate  of 

yield 380-81,  402-403 

variability  in  persistency 

377-80,  402 

Selection  of  records.  .  .408-409,  410 

Short-time  test 416-22 

Summary  and  conclusions 422 

Davenport  plots,  yields  on 171-72 

DeKalb  experiment  field,  tests  on 

3-10,  572-75 

Diplodia  zeae  266-69 

Dixon  experiment  field  yields.  .  . .  162 
Elizabethtown  experiment  field 

yields 162 

ENERGY  VALUE  OF  MILK  AS 
RELATED  TO  COMPOSI- 
TION   205-18 

Enfield  experiment  field  yields. . .  162 
Ewing  experiment  field  yields...  163 
Fairfield  experiment  field,  tests 

on 18-23,  581-83 

Feeding  experiments,  beef  cattle 

465-84 

Dairy  cows,  self -feeding 425-52 

Horses 485-500 

Sheep 221-52 

Swine 177-204 

FERTILIZER  EXPERIMENTS 
WITH  GREENHOUSE  LET- 


INDEX 


5S9 


PAGE 

TUCE  AND  TOMATOES.. 309-36 
FILLIES,  SOYBEAN  HAY  AND 
SWEET-CLOVER     PASTURE 
FOR  GROWING  PUREBRED 

DRAFT 485-500 

Costs  of  feed  and  of  gains ....   499 

Development  of  fillies 495 

Feed  consumed 492,  493,  498 

Plan  of  feeding 489,  493 

Results  of  feeding  bone  meal. 495-96 

Summary 486 

Weights,     heights,     ages,     and 

gains 494,496,  498 

Fillies,   summary    of   five   experi- 
ments in  feeding 500 

Fusarium  moniliforme  266-69 

Gibberella  SMibinetti 266-69,  348 

Hartsburg  experiment  field  yields 

163,  292-95 

HOG  PRODUCTION,  ADJUST- 
ING TO  MARKET  DEMAND 

501-67 

Factors  affecting  price  changes 

504-13 

market  demand 507-12 

supply  of  hogs 512-13 

Factors  affecting  supply  flucta- 

tions 514-29 

corn-hog  ratio. '..  .515-23,  529-32 

hog-steer  ratio   523-25 

miscellaneous 525-29 

Introduction 503-504 

Methods   of   adjusting   produc- 
tion   533-46 

Statistical  appendix 

character  of  data 548-49 

coefficient  of  elasticity  of  sup- 
ply in  Chicago  market . .  564—65 
computing  the  index  of  mul- 
tiple    curvilinear     correla- 
tion   557-59 

corn-hog  ratios  as  independent 
factors  or  as  measures  of 

same  influence    561-62 

description  of  series 549-54 

effect  of  oats-hog,  barley-hog 

ratios 562 

elasticity  of  supply  of  hogs .  . 

565-67 

receipts  affected  earlier  by 
change  in  price  than  by 
change  in  corn-hog  ratio .  . 

562-64 

relative  effect  of  various  fac- 
tors on  receipts 553-54 

relative  importance  of  factors 

determining  supply 559-60 

significance  of  coefficients  of 
determination 554-57 


PAGE 

theoretical  basis  of  analysis 

547-48 

Summary  of  profitable  practices  546 
Upward  trend  in  production . . .   528 
Hogs,  see  also  Swine 
Horses,  see  Fillies 

Joliet  experiment  field  yields 163 

Kewanee  experiment  field  yields. .   164 
LaMoille  experiment  field  yields. .   164 
Lebanon  experiment  field  yields . .   164 
Lettuce  and  tomatoes,  use  of  com- 
mercial supplements  to  manure 

on 309-36 

Conclusions 335-36 

Cost  of  fertilizers 335 

Effect  of  various  treatments  on 
both  lettuce  and  tomatoes .  328-35 

on  lettuce  alone 317-22 

on  tomatoes  alone 322-26 

on  combined  yields 326-28 

Purpose    and    plan    of    experi- 
ment   311-17 

Steam  sterilization  of  soil.... 

322,326,331-32 

Summary 310 

Limestone,  influence  of  on  grain 

yields 52-53 

McNabb  experiment  field  yields. .   165 

Meeh  formula  82-83 

Metabolism  tests 7". . . 

225-31,  236-37,  251-52 

Milk,    effect    of    self -feeding    on 

production  of  446-^9 

Persistency  in  production  of. . 

355-424 

MILK,  ENERGY  VALUE  OF  AS 
RELATED  TO  COMPOSI- 
TION  205-18 

Analyses  of  milk  samples  and 

energy  values 207-12 

Application    of    formulas    de- 
rived   215-17 

Conclusions 218 

Derivation  of  formulas  for  de- 
termining energy  value. . .212-14 

Literature  cited  218 

Methods  used  207-208 

Purpose  of  experiment 207 

Minonk  experiment  field  yields.  .   165 

Morrow  plots,  yields  on 172 

Mt.  Morris  experiment  field  yields  165 
Newton  experiment  field  yields. . .   166 
Nitrate  production  and  conserva- 
tion, see  Sweet  clover 
Oats,  cost  of  production.  .44-50,  59-61 
Oats,  sheaf,  suggestions  for  stor- 
ing   496 

economy  in  use  of 487 

Oblong  experiment  field  yields. . .  167 


590 


INDEX 


PAGE 

Odin  experiment  field  yields . . .  167-68 
Oquawka  experiment  field  yields.  168 
Palestine  experiment  field  yields. .  168 
Raleigh  experiment  field  yields. . .  169 
Eats,  use  of  to  test  vitamin  con- 
tent of  ration 182-84 

Ehizopus  spp 266-69 

Eosa  manetti  compared  with  E. 

odorata  as  grafting  stock ....  453-63 
ROSA  ODORATA  AS  A  GRAFT- 
ING   STOCK    FOR    INDOOR 

ROSES 455-63 

Conclusions    and    recommenda- 
tions   462 

Description  of  experiment 457 

Literature  cited 463 

Methods  of  using  commercially  462 

Origin   of 455-56 

Yield  of  roses  on 458-62 

Salt,  effect  of  on  growth  of  chick- 
ens   133-56 

Minimum  lethal  dose 

148-49,   153-56 

Symptoms  of  poisoning 135-49 

Self-feeding      experiments      with 

dairy  cows 425-52 

SHEEP,  TECHNICAL  STUDY 
OF  THE  MAINTENANCE 
AND  FATTENING  OF,  AND 
THEIR  UTILIZATION  OF 

ALFALFA  HAY 221-52 

Availability     of     metabolizable 
energy  of  alfalfa  for  sheep 

J    245-46 

as  compared  with  steers . . .  247-48 

Fattening  experiment 235-49 

composition  of  carcass ....  239-41 

of  gains 241-43 

nutrients  consumed 235-37 

slaughter  data   237-38 

Maintenance   experiment 

224-34,251-52 

chemical  composition  and  co- 
efficients of  digestibility  of 

hay 225-27,  251 

composition  of  carcass.  . .  .231-34 
metabolizable  energy  of  hay 

227,  228-31 

results  of  experiment. . .  .229,  231 

slaughter  data  230-31 

Protein  and  energy  content  in 

wool 244-45 

Purpose    and    plan    of    experi- 
ment   223-24 

Summary 222,  249-50 

Sidell  experiment  field  yields. . . .   169 
Silage,    corn   stover,   digestibility 
of    for   beef    cattle,    see   Beef 
cows 


PAGK 

Soil    experiment   fields,   yields  in 

1925 157-74 

Sows,  see  Swine 

SOYBEAN  HAY  AND  SWEET 
CLOVER  PASTURE  FOR 
GROWING  PUREBRED 

DRAFT  FILLIES 485-500 

See  Fillies 

Soybeans,  cost  of  production . .  44,  48 
Sparta  experiment  field  yields .  169-70 
Spring  Valley  experiment  field 

yields 170 

SPRING  WHEAT  PRODUC- 
TION IN  ILLINOIS 337-51 

See  Wheat 

Steam    sterilization   of    soil 

322-26,  331-32 

SWEET      CLOVER,      EXPERI- 
MENTS IN  HANDLING  FOR 
NITRATE    PRODUCTION 
AND  CONSERVATION... 285-307 
Effect  of  early  vs.  late  spring 

plowing    . . .' 292-97 

of  fallow  vs.  cover  crop  fol- 
lowing sweet  clover ....  299-302 

of  soil  treatment 292-97 

of   summer   plowing 299-302 

Nitrogen  content  and  growth  of 

sweet-clover  tops 297-99 

Purpose  of  experiments 287-88 

Summary  and  conclusions . .  305-307 
Winter  loss  of  nitrate  on  sweet- 
clover  plots 302-305 

Sweet    clover    for    feeding,    see 

Fillies 

SWINJ],  COMPARISON  OF 
WHITE  AND  YELLOW  CORN 
FOR  GROWING  AND  FAT- 
TENING, AND  FOR  BROOD 

SOWS 177-204 

Conclusions 203-204 

Effect  of  adding  alfalfa  meal 

to  white-corn  ration 200-201 

of  adding  cod-liver  oil. .  .201-203 
Effect  of  white-corn  ration  on 

brood  sows    184-92 

on  weanling  pigs 192-97 

reversed    with    yellow-corn 

ration 196-97 

with  vitamin  A  added 

195-96,  197 

on  60-70  Ib.  pigs 198-99 

Plan  of  experiments 181-84 

Previous  experiments   179-81 

Summary 178 

Use  of  rats  to  test  vitamin  con- 
tent of  ration 182-84 

Swine,  see  also  Hogs 


INDEX 


591 


PAGE 

Timothy,  cost  of  production 

43-44,  46,  47-48 

Toledo  experiment  field  yields . . . 
170,  295-97 

Tomatoes,    fertilizer    experiments 
with,  see  Lettuce  and  tomatoes 

Unionville  experiment  field  yields  171 

Urbana  experiment  field  tests... 
10-17,  172-73,  575-78 

Vitamin  A  with  white-corn  feed- 
ing  195-96,  197,  200-203,  204 

West  Salem  experiment  field  yields  174 

Wheat,  cost  of  production 

44-50,  57-59 

Wheat-growing  sections  in  Illinois 
3,  4,  340,  349 

Wheat,  hard  vs.  soft  varieties  in 

Illinois 24-26 

Wheat  scab,  susceptibility  of  va- 
rieties of  wheat  to 348 

WHEAT,     SPRING,     PRODUC- 
TION OF  IN  ILLINOIS. .  .337-51 
Acre  value  of  as  compared  with 

other  crops 339^41 

Distribution  in  Illinois 340,  349 


PAGE 

Effect  on  yield  of  date  of  seed- 
ing  347-48 

of  distance  between  rows. . .  .   346 

of  rate  of  seeding 346 

Place  of  in  rotation 348 

Preparation    of   seed   bed    and 

methods  of  sowing 349 

Summary 338 

Varieties  used  in  tests 350-51 

Variety  tests  in  central  Illinois 

.  .  .' 343-46 

in  northern  Illinois 341-43 

WHEAT,  WINTER  VARIETIES, 
PRODUCTIVENESS    OF    IN 

ILLINOIS 1-35 

Distribution   in   Illinois 3,  4 

Hard  vs.  soft  varieties 24-26 

Summary 2 

Varieties  used  in  tests 27-35 

Variety    tests    in    central    Illi- 
nois   10-17 

in  northern   Illinois 3-10 

in  southern  Illinois.  ..  .18-24,  25 
Wool,  protein  and  energy  content 
in  .  ..244-^5 


TS!E  LISHARY  OF  THE 

JAM  l  z  1223 
UNIVERSITV  OF  ILLINOIS 


\ 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


